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Trudi asked

Hello Dave,
I had my eyes lasered in Dec 2009. My prescription was SPH -4.50 & -5.00. My left eye (which had the worst prescription) is perfect! I have had enhancement surgery on my right though as a slight astigmatism remained. I had enhancement surgery (using the LASEK method this time round) 4 wks ago and the vision is not yet as good as it was after the first surgery, before the enhancement. I am beginning to think I should have lived with the result I had after the first surgery and been grateful. Do you think my eye will heal to at least what it was after the first surgery?

Also, I have regular post-op check-ups with various different opticians (dependant on who’s in on the day of my app) and each tells a different story about healing and drops. I have been told that keeping the eyes wet with blink drops is *very important* to aid healing. I have also been told by another optician that I only need to put drops in when my eye feels dry. What is your view?
Thanks.

Trudi, for the lubrication, I would recommend regular instillation rather than just when they feel dry. The nerves are lasered during the treatment and see the eye is somewhat insensitive for a while, so you may not be aware of some dryness and so not lubricate. Aim for 4-6 times a day over the next couple of months. I prefer the preservative free version (you can buy e.g. Blink or Refresh over the counter at Boots) which will be less irritant with regular usage over an extended period. These are the ones in individual droppers. One vial should last you a day, one drop in each eye every 3-4 hours.

For surface laser correction (PRK/LASEK) the full result can take months to fully settle and the vision is often a bit off at 4 weeks post-op. You should find it will settle more over the next 4-8 weeks.

Graeme just asked:

Hi Dave,

Two weeks ago I was treated with wavefront guided LASIK with Intralase by [clinic name deleted].

Although my vision was very good from the following day, I have had problems at night with severe starbursts, glare and halos around fluorescent lights (even indoors). I was told a couple of days ago that it will get better with time but since it’s hardly got better since day 1, I think there is a slim to no chance of this happening, especially as the eyes otherwise feel good with excellent vision.

Also, I was told a number of times that I had very large pupils which is why I needed wavefront guided LASIK to prevent my night visiion being affected. In hindsight and reading further on the Internet (which I now realise I should have done much more of) .

I guess I’m asking is there anything that I can do about this, anything I should ask them, e.g. pupil dilation, treatment area or anything like that to determine the reason for the starbursts and the fact that it hasn’t been done 100% correctly or I shouldn’t have been recommended as suitable? Or is there anything that can be done to improve it?

I wouldn’t obviously want further surgery but I’ve seen on this page info about more modern lasers and larger treatment areas that you have used which almost eliminate night vision problems. Could this be an option? Although I have paid out £3000 so far and so wouldn’t welcome another big outlay especially without guarantees of success. My main problem is that come the winter I won’t even be able to get to work if my night vision remains as bad as this.

I would be grateful for any suggestions or advice that you have.

Graeme, it is still very early after your treatment, so I think the advice from your clinic to wait is correct. I would normally allow 2-3 months for the vision to settle fully before looking if anything else needs doing, especially if it was a particularly large prescription. So please be patient for now.

Keep in contact with your clinic, and repeat testing at 4, 8 and 12 weeks post-op can help monitor your progress and relieve anxiety. You would want refractions and wavefront scans in particular, as night problems can arise from both low and high order aberrations. Low order means your prescription, but from your description your distance vision is excellent so not likely to be much prescription left – but you can confirm at your next visit.

It can occur if the treatment zone was significantly smaller than the scotopic (dark conditions) pupil size but clinics and doctors are well aware of this and modern lasers can treat a wide area of the cornea. You can ask about your dark pupil size and the full optical zone used at your treatment, as well as the total treatment zone (including the blend zone that feathers the treatment edges outside of the full optical zone area).

If the night vision problems persist, treatment is usually possible and will depend on the cause. Patience first though, as these symptoms can improve significantly yet. Give them the opportunity to assess and review your progress. Please let me know how you get on.

Ellie asked:

Hi Dave,
I got iLasik performed 4 weeks ago. Since then I got 3 exams and they show I still got -2 and -1,75 ( was -4,75 both eyes before the op) I also got very high pressure in the eyes – like 34-40…The doctor said it’s normal – comes from the eye drops and will go away, got new drops now, but still can not see clear, still got miopia that I can not watch TV or drive…is this normal?
I was told with Lasik the sight is improved right after the surgery, I still can see as far as my nose…What is next?
Thanks.

Ellie, No not common at all in LASIK surgery, but it is possible. Under-correction of that degree is rare but it is feasible that it could happen. The high pressure afterwards could have led to some increased swelling in the cornea which would change the vision significantly. The pressure rise occasionally happens with steroid drops, and rapidly goes back to normal once stopped.

As for what is next? You should wait around 12 weeks to let the eyes and corneas settle and ensure all swelling has resolved. You may find the myopia decreases more. If not, then the flaps can be easily lifted and eyes re-treated around 3 months post. Keep in contact with your clinic and let time pass to see how it settles. It’s still pretty early at 4 weeks.

It’s normal for some patients to need an enhancement to finish off the result. Our own clinic rate is less than 1% for myopia, and it can vary between clinics – but we ALL perform enhancement procedures.

Certainly must be disappointing as most patients see 20/20 or better the following day, and yours is a pretty big under-correction. Hang on though and I am confident that your end result should be good. Keep me informed of the outcome please.

Regards, Dave

Omar asked:

Good Afternoon Mr Allamby,
I’m considering getting some treatment on my eyes, but am very worried about the long-term effect cutting the cornea can have. As i get older and my eyesight deterioates. will the my eyesight be worse off than if i had just kept wearing glasses?

Omar, I think this is one of the most common worries that prospective candidates have when considering laser eye surgery be it LASIK or PRK. It is just over 20 years since we first performed PRK for short-sight, and just under 20 years for LASIK, so we have considerable experience of long-term results.

The long-term outcomes have been excellent to date. Regression is seen in the London PRK study in 1-2% of patients, with a partial return to myopia, but not as bad as the vision had been before without glasses.

Cutting the cornea (e.g. to create a flap or flap disc) has been around for decades. Lamellar cuts were made in the 50s, and the first mechanical keratome was first used in 1963. No long term problems were seen, except when too little thickness was left in the cornea. At my clinic, we use a high safety standard of leaving 300 microns in the corneal bed, after creating the flap with a femtosecond laser and using the excimer laser to reshape the cornea.

The main worry is in excessive weakening of the cornea. However, the incidence of bending of the cornea through weakness in post-LASIK patients is the same as the incidence of bending from a disease known as keratoconus (KC). So in normal LASIK where all the safety parameters are observed, we are not sure if LASIK actually contributes to corneal bending post-operatively.

The key here, as always, is rigorous screening pre-operatively and visiting a centre where you get sufficient time for your consultation. Some clinics do consultations in 30 minutes, or even less. Others (mine included) spend much longer. Focus consultations take at least 2 hours.

Choose carefully.

Marie asked:

I had a detached retina 3 years ago, I have just had the go ahead from Optical Express to say i can have laser but I had been advised by the Dr who did the detachment at that time never to have it done and also by Specsavers after my annual eye test. What would you advise?

Marie, It’s a good question. Does LASIK increase the risk of retinal detachment? Or does retinal detachment, which is more commonly found in short-sighted patients who incidentally have LASIK, happen anyway ?

The suction applied by the keratome or femtosecond laser during flap creation can put tension on the vitreous gel and retina, and theoretically increase the risk of retinal problems. What evidence is there for this?

At the 2009 AAO meeting in San Francisco, Dr. J Fernando Arevalo reported no apparent causal relationship between LASIK and retinal detachment. Over 11,500 eyes were examined retrospectively and the incidence of retinal detachment was found to be lower than the general population. The study included patients that developed a retinal detachment as far out as 13 years after the procedure.

In a 10-year review presented by Dr Vincenzo Pucci MD at the 2003 ASCRS international eye conference, laser refractive surgery for high myopia did not appear to increase the risk of either retinal detachment or re-detachment. His series comprised 2,809 eyes of 1,477 patients who had undergone either LASIK or PRK for the correction of myopia or myopic astigmatism up to -13 dioptres.

Together these studies support the conclusion that the retinal detachment rate after excimer laser surgery for the treatment of high myopia is not increased, compared with the natural history of unoperated myopic eyes.

In my practice, for a comprehensive safety approach, I usually have the eyes examined by a retinal surgical specialist to get the all clear before any laser eye surgery procedure. Also, this specialist will review the retina afterwards to be certain no new holes or tears have appeared.

Zoe asked:

I am interested in laser eye surgery, but am very short sighted(-10) would it still be possible?

Zoe, yes it certainly may be possible. It will depend mainly on your corneal thickness and pupil size in the dark. The best way to know is to have a consultation and have the measurements taken. Not all patients are suitable at this level of prescription though. If LASIK is not possible, PRK with mitomycin may still be.
The WaveLight laser that I use takes relatively little tissue per dioptre, so I find we often have a good chance to treat higher myopia. If there is not quite enough tissue in the cornea, and you are 40+, a good option can be to leave you between -1D and -2D, so at least you will be able to read without any glasses.

Anne asked:

Hi Dave,
I am in contact with your clinic re: having Lasik. I just have a couple of questions:

1/ What is your re-treatment rate?
2/ How many dry eye cases are persistent/long-term?

Thanks, Anne

Anne, our enhancement rate is under 1% for short-sghted patients, and slightly higher for blended vision patients (distance plus reading correction).
Our “20/20 or better” rate is 99.4% for short-sighted patients up to -9.00D.

We have seen long-term dryness in a handful of patients, out of thousands of treatments. I find it is a rare problem when patients are properly screened, and treated pre-op if there is some dryness present. The way we keep these rates very low is by being vary careful on who we operate on, and excluding those with significant dry eye.

Faisal asked:
I am short sighted, wearing glasses for almost 15 years. Just wanted to know whether I am a suitable candidate for laser eye surgery or not. Thanks

Faisal,
Being short sighted and wearing glasses for many years is typical. You will need a full consultation to determine if you are suitable for laser eye surgery. Some of the main factors will be the scans of your corneas, prescription, corneal thickness, and eye examination.

Steve asked about cTen laser correction:

Hi Dave. Thanks for providing this blog, in anticipation of surgery it’s very much appreciated.
I’ve heard of a superioir procedure called CTen which seems to be a significant advance in corrective eye surgery, but can’t find any providers. Can you shed any light?

The cTen system is from an Italian company called iVis Technologies. It incorporates a 1,000-Hertz excimer laser (iRES) and a software planning system called CIPTA. cTen is an acronym for Customised, TransEpithelial, No-touch surgery.

It is promoted for complex cases where there is irregularity of the cornea, e.g irregular astigmatism. They use the excimer laser to remove the epithelial skin layer and use topography information from a Scheimpflug camera scanner to correct imperfections across the cornea stroma. The makers suggest this is a bette way of performing PRK.

Not really a significant advance as all this technology is currently available. We use the same Scheimpflug approach already with our WaveLight laser in its T-CAT (topography guided) mode, and all lasers can be used to remove the epithelium down to a desired depth the leave a smooth surface.

For virgin unoperated eyes, there is no significant benefit to use the CIPTA platform. The procedure here is just PRK. Also, the no-touch laser removal of epithelium approach adds little, as standard alcohol based removal is quick, effective and predicable, and is used around the world as standard. I do agree with iVis that topography guided correction is most useful for irregular corneas over wavefront guided, and I use T-CAT for these complex cases.

The above helps explain why you can’t find any providers. The gold standard procedure for us is thin flap femtosecond Z-LASIK. If we need to do surface laser, we do PRK.

Sandor asked this question on Lasik flap healing:

Dear Dave,
Is it true that corneal flaps never heal completely after Intralasik? What is the chance of dislocation during the rest of the patients life?
Thank you in advance, Sandor

Sandor, it’s an important question. It is true that thicker (e.g. blade, keratome) flaps never fully heal. They can be surgically lifted many years after. However, thin flaps such as are created with femtosecond lasers (around 100-110 microns) appear to heal significantly more strongly.

The healing in the uppermost layers of the cornea is different from deeper down. Collagen fibres are more wavy and heal much better when cut with a thin flap. I have found a couple of patients where I have tried to lift femtosecond flaps, and they were fully bonded down and impossible to lift after a year post-op. This has never been the case with keratome blade cut flaps which I have always been able to lift, even many years later.

IntraLasik is just the brand name for flaps made with the Intralase American made femtosecond laser. Using the Swiss Ziemer laser it is called Z-LASIK.

The key question first is the depth at which a flap was cut. One of the major reasons why many clinics have invested in femtosecond lasers over the much cheaper keratomes (10x more expensive for a femtosecond) is being able to cut predictable accurate thin flaps, with their better healing.

If it was a thin flap, e.g from a femtosecond laser (Ziemer, Intralase, Visumax, Femtec), I expect the lifetime chance of dislocation will be zero.

Sally asked:

I am considering laser eye surgery but am prone to keloid scars. Would this be a problem?

My reply was:

Hi Sally
Keloid scarring should be no problem with LASIK laser eye surgery. I have done several patients with keloid and had excellent LASIK vision results. No problems with healing at all.
Best regards, Dave

Anthony asked:

Hi Dave
I am 67 years old and currently use daily contacts. Left eye D + 1.50 Right D + 1.75, the left eye has a slight astigmatisum. I use + 2 reading glasses. I have been told that due to some mild furring around the edges of the cornea, expected at my age, I will need Intra – Ocular Lenses, one for long distance and one for reading. Also I have some dryness in both eyes, again expected at my age.
Do you think I am too old and would Z-Lasik be able to correct my vision in both distance and reading or just distance. I live in London so travelling to Wimpole Street is not a problem should I decide to have a consultation.

My reply was:
Hi Anthony, Certainly not too old, and I have done blended vision for patients in their 70s. All depends on the condition of your natural lenses and presence of any cataracts. Sometimes IOLs can be the better choice but not always. Your prescription is certainly in range of those I treat for correcting distance and near. Dryness can be assessed and treated if not too bad. If severe, would likely be a block to laser eye correction, but not to IOLs.

We can certainly have a look at consultation with one of my team as a first step. Price wise, the IOLs are the more expensive option, at £2,500-3,000 per eye, the latter being if you opt for multifocal lenses to help with reading and distance. Laser blended vision is £2,200 per eye, again correcting far and near.

Anne asked:

Hi Dave,
I’ve come across a lot of comments from lasik patients re: dry eyes. Many of these did not suffer with dry eyes prior to surgery. Can this become a long-term issue as many people say they are still experiencing dry eyes 6 months down the line? Also, is it something that can be avoided through the laser used and surgeon’s experience/ability? I know that you say patients do not experience TLS with the Ziemer laser, so can the same be said of dry eyes?
You mentioned in one of your previous replies that there was someone in the Cheshire area I could go to for a consultation (with a view to having surgery with Focus), please could I have their contact details?
Many thanks, Anne

Hi Anne,
A temporary reduction in tears following LASIK happens in all cases, although many are unaware of it. It happens because the superficial corneal nerves are cut during flap creation. The cornea becomes number and the nerves have to re-grow to supply the surface with normal sensation. This takes 3-6 months with a thin femtosecond flap, longer with a thicker blade flap.

The thinner the flap, the less distance to re-grow and so the sooner the cornea returns to normal. So having patients report still having dryness at 6 months is not unusual, especially if they had a thicker flap.

In some cases of ongoing dry eye, there can have been some pre-existing deficit in the tear film or tear quality that gets exacerbated by the temporary numbness in the cornea and other factors (e.g. loss of goblet cells).

I find ongoing dryness is rare in my clinic, and I think that is because we are rigorous in diagnosing, and treating where needed, prior to surgery. Technology cannot avoid the creation of some dryness (whether symptomatic or not). However creating a thin flap with a femtosecond laser makes for less dryness of shorter duration.

But it is the skill of the surgeon and clinical team that heads of problems before they are created, by not operating on patients who may lead to later trouble. Patients with marked dry eye should not have LASIK. Some dryness though can be managed and treated pre-op and so allow those patients to still be eligible for LASIK and without long-term problems.

Anne, call one of my team on 0845 5000 500 and we can connect you with our optometrist in Cheshire for an assessment.

Peter asked:

I had laser eye surgery in 1995 for short sightedness. Long distance has become blurred e.g. night driving affected. Will naturally occurring long sightedness change this over time I’m 47?

Peter, you have become somewhat myopic (short-sighted) again, either through progression of your condition (can be associated with high amounts of near work, although that story is not straight-forward), or regression of your treatment, or both combined.
At 47, most people will be showing signs of presbyopia, or age-related loss of near vision. Your myopia will mask those symptoms if you are not wearing glasses or contact lens correction, and so in fact is of some benefit to you. Your presbyopia will have minimal effect on your distance vision though, and will not neutralize it. One option is to get one eye retreated to fix the distance and get a blended vision combination, and so see well for far and near. Will depend on your current prescription though.